When a transformer undergoes a major service, the oil is typically removed and processed through a separate purification plant. While the oil is being cleaned, the vacuum pump unit is applied to the empty transformer tank. This "hot vacuum" process uses the residual heat in the transformer core to drive moisture out of the cellulose. If the vacuum system is high-quality, it can reach a state of "high vacuum" where the moisture level in the paper insulation can be reduced to below 0.5%.
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